American International School of Guangzhou

The American International School of Guangzhou is the oldest and largest international school in Guangzhou, China. The school uses an English curriculum and is an IB World School serving the expatriate community in Guangzhou. AISG's current student body consists of approximately 950 students from over 40 countries.

History

The school was founded in 1981 to educate the children of the staff of the US Consulate. It was then based in the Dong Fang Hotel. Students of other nationalities were later admitted and the school relocated to the Garden Hotel in 1985. In 1987 the school received accreditation from the Western Association of Schools and Colleges to teach kindergarten to grade 8. In 1994 AISG moved into a purpose-built school in the Greenery, a housing estate in the Tianhe District. Enrollment was then 102 students from 21 different nationalities. The high school was accredited and added in 1996-97. AISG became an International Baccalaureate World School in 2001.

It moved to its current location in Er Sha Island in 2002. Rapid growth fueled the need to identify a larger site able to accommodate the school’s size over the long term. In 2007 the Middle and High School moved to a spacious modern facility among the green hills in Science Park, north east of the city center. In the coming months, construction of a new Elementary School will start beside the new Middle and High School buildings.

Accreditation and Memberships

AISG is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges and is registered with the Chinese government as a School for Foreign Students. It is a member of the Council of International Schools, the East Asian Regional Council of Schools , the Asia Pacific Activities Conference and the Association of China and Mongolia International Schools . The school is an authorized provider of International Baccalaureate programs at primary and high school levels. The school also offers Advanced Placement courses.

Academics

The school is an IB World School that runs from Preschool through to grade 12. The Elementary School follows the IB Primary Years Program. In the Middle School students follow a challenging internetional curriculum to prepare them for the IB Diploma Program. In the High School student can participate in the IB Diploma Programme. AISG also offers . The school emphasizes on academics and the development of the whole child.

Average SAT Score 570 Writing and 655 Math

Facilities

Elementary Campus

*Thirty-five classrooms
*Large Library
*3 Computer labs
*4 Science labs
*Art rooms
*Music rooms
*Gymnasium
*Playing Field
*ErSha Island Campus is a wireless environment.

Middle and High School Campus

*Fifty classrooms
*Large Library
*Computer labs
*Science labs
*3 Art rooms
*Separate Music building
*Practice rooms
*Theater
*Large Sports Hall
*Playing Field
*Science Park Campus is a wireless environment.

Student Life

At the Elementary School, students can select a variety of after school activities, whether from an arts, sport, community or academic thread. Some of the after school activities include drama, choir, sudoku and chess. There is also a Service Learning club, and a group of students who come together to produce the Elementary School newspaper.

Middle and High School students are involved in many extracurricular activities, from student government to a strong performing arts program. Student have opportunities to be members in active Music and Drama Clubs as well as in Model United Nations groups. Community service initiatives include Habitat for Humanity and working with mentally challenged adults in Guangzhou. There are also opportunities to participate in a wide range of both recreational and competitive sports. High School students also participate in China Trips where they get to know and help the country they now live.

Athletics

Elementary

At the Elementary School, after school sports include volleyball, soccer, floor hockey, taekwondo, table tennis and badminton.

Middle and High School

AISG fields sports a large number of teams at the High School and Middle School level. Some of the sports that many students participate competitively in are volleyball, basketball, soccer, rugby and badminton, in which they play against other International Schools and Chinese Universities in the region. AISG has recently been invited to to join APAC, the Asia Pacific Activities Conference. This allows the students to compete against the top International Schools from China, Japan, South Korea and the Philippines. APAC also includes activities such as Drama, Speech and Debate, Orchestra and Band. The school is also a member of the Association of China and Mongolia International Schools , which provides opportunities to play other international schools.

The Boys varsity Volleyball team has been the Division 1 ACAMIS Champions the last 2 years. While the Boys varsity Basketball team has been the Division 1 ACAMIS Champions the last 4 years.

AISG is hosting the APAC Basketball tournament in February.

Yang Cheng Tong

Yang Cheng Tong, 羊城通 is a rechargeable stored value smartcard designed for paying the travel fares in the , buses, s and in Guangzhou, China and surrounding cities, namely Foshan, Huadu, Zengcheng and Panyu.
It is built and managed by Guangzhou Yang Cheng Tong Limited , Guangzhou Public Transport Data Control Center and .

The card is also sometimes accepted by city merchants, zoos, restaurants, parking meters, and in other establishments as payment.
With the card holder's personal information stored in the Yang Cheng Tong, further functions can be applied, such as access control of buildings and roll call in school.
The system was successfully launched in 30th December, 2001.
According to the official statistics announced by its operator,
the circulation of Yang Cheng Tong is over 5 million cards and 2.2 million transactions per day.

The card does not accept anonymous purchase and a bank card is required for the application.

Yang Cheng Tong literally means ''Ram City Pass'', since the ''Five Rams'', 五羊 statue is one of the important landmarks in Guangzhou.
''Wu Yang Cheng'' or ''Yang Cheng'' are both well-known nicknames of Guangzhou among Chinese people.

Type of card

There are different types of the Yang Cheng Tong card, but their functions are basically the same.

*Standard card, sold for 80RMB and containing deposit value of 30RMB. Deposit will be refunded when the card is returned.
*Memorial card, deposit not included and refund of this type is prohibited. For example, the designs of these cards in 2006 are travel spots-themed, sold for 20RMB each card. When showing this card to relative spot box office, 10% discount would be offered for admission.
*Xeno-card is a wrist watch, key chain or cell phone lanyard which is implanted with the chip used in Yang Cheng Tong cards. These products may derive from the idea of .
*Enterprise card.
*Joint card.

Criticism

Compared to other contactless smartcards in use,
the data transmission of Yang Cheng Tong is criticized by commuters that it takes 1~2 seconds between the card and reader to complete the transaction,
though the operator claims that the data communication only costs 0.5 seconds in its official site.


Moreover, there are insufficient facilities to refill the card value with cash.
Currently there are only two Yang Cheng Tong customer service centers,
a few 7-Eleven stores and a small number of Guangzhou Metro stations accepting the cash for recharging value to Yang Cheng Tong card.
Otherwise, a bank card is required for using automatic self-service add-value terminals located at each Guangzhou Metro station and in joint banks, McDonald's restaurants, car parks, etc.

Whampoa Military Academy

The Nationalist Party of China Army Officer Academy , commonly known as the Whampoa Military Academy ，and Nationalist commanders Chen Cheng, Du Yuming, and Hu Zongnan. These young students first showed their training and courage in the war against local warlord and dissident of Sun, Chen Jiongming ，and later the unification of Guangdong province. Then they made greater contributions in the .

Influence

The Whampoa Military Academy plays an important role in Chinese history. Although it is primarily a military academy aiming to train military elites like the United States Military Academy, it has exhibited a broad influence on Chinese history. It not only supplied many military commanders for both the KMT and CCP, but also its graduates have much more influence on both parties' policies and governance. Especially for Chiang and KMT, the Whampoa Clique was pivotal for his governance. It competed with other cliques of KMT such as the New Guangxi Clique led by Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi, CC Clique led by Chen Lifu and Chen Guofu, Politics Research Group led by Yang Yongtai and Zhang Qun . At the same time, when the CPC built its first after the Nanchang Uprising in 1927 most of its commanders were from Whampoa, and in the following two decades, the CPC trained its army in the Whampoa way.

The motto of the academy "Camaraderie" was proclaimed by Sun Yat-sen at the opening ceremonies. The irony is that during the Chinese Civil War both the commanders from KMT and CPC were trained and educated in Whampoa. They fought for different beliefs and ideals although they used to live and study together like brothers in arms.

The academy also had significant influence over the 20th century history of other Asian countries. The fourth term of the Academy saw students not only from all parts of China, but also from different parts of Asia enroll. For example, there were 30 Koreans among them. Some of them were brought up in China, others were active participants during the national liberation movement of Korea in 1917-1926 and emigrated to China later only to take up arms for struggle for freedom of their country once again after the education was over.

Also a big group of students was originally from Vietnam. This group was led by an exiled to-be leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam and Vietnamese struggle for independence Ho Chi Minh.

Relocations

The original Whampoa Military Academy existed from 1924 to 1926, over 6 terms it enrolled more than 7000. However, Chiang Kai-Shek purged the Communist Party of China during the the academy was moved to the newly established capital in Nanjing after the defeat of the warlords in 1928. The academy moved again to Chengdu during the Japanese invasion.



In 1950, after the Communist victory on mainland China and the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the academy followed KMT and was re-established in Fongshan, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan as the Chinese Military Academy and changed name in 2004 to the Military University. .

Utahloy International School of Guangzhou

Utahloy International School is an international school in Guangzhou, China. It caters for primary school to high school level and prepares students for the International Baccalaureate Diploma. It was established in August 1997 and approved by the Ministry of Education in 1998. It has 640 students as of 2005. Current enrollment in K-12 is 820 students this year . The primary language of curriculum delivery is in English but ESL support is available as most of the students are not native English speakers. Also the teachers in the school receive specialist training on delivering mainstream subjects to ESL students in their classrooms. This level of support and understanding for students studying such a rigorous curriculum in a second language is unique in Guangzhou.

UISG is an IBO world school delivering the Middle Years Programme for years 7-10 and International Baccalaureate Diploma for years 11 and 12. Its graduates have been accepted into top rank universities around the world to include the London School of Economics, Syracuse University, and Hong Kong City University. It has a link with Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia providing a second bridge to tertiary education abroad for students.

The school is also involved in the ACAMIS league , which is a league that holds sports competitions between international schools in China and Mongolia, mathematics competitions, cultural conventions, etc. The school has a strong student-athlete culture with excellence in academics and code of conduct which inculcates a sense of pride and respect throughout the school.

The school is a member of the Council of International Schools. It is run under the aegis of the Utahloy Education Foundation, a non-profit Hong Kong based foundation.

The School has become known for its stimulating, supportive, caring environment. Located on the edge of a beautiful lake, nestled into forested hillsides Utahloy is only 20 minutes from the centre of Guangzhou. Most classrooms and outdoor areas overlook the lake. The School has spacious and attractive grounds, creating a healthy, safe and pleasant environment for students. Utahloy has been providing an exceptional academic programme for the international community since 1998. The school commenced with 50 children in kindergarten and primary classes. It now offers an international education from K-12 for more than 700 expatriate students who represent over 40 nationalities.

Utahloy is a member of the Council of International Schools and is authorized by the International Baccalaureate Organization to provide the IB Middle Years and Diploma programmes. We are implementing PYP as a Candidate School. Academic rigour is assured, due to the IB frameworks and high calibre of international teachers employed. The teaching staff comprises well-qualified teachers, recruited from: Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Korea, The Netherlands, New Zealand, South Africa, Switzerland, the U.K., and the U.S.A.

Mother Tongue languages are sustained and developed within the curriculum. Students develop an academic vocabulary, expand their language usage, and study literature and culture in their mother tongue programme. Languages currently offered to Mother Tongue speakers include: Chinese, Korean, Japanese, French and German. Other languages will be added in the next year, such as Spanish and Hindi.

The Arts are celebrated through music, drama, dance and visual art. Students have the opportunity to study these subjects to IB Diploma level. The School has connections with a national dance company and local artists, creating an arts-rich environment for all students. There are music ensembles, bands and orchestras in the after-school-activities programme.

Providing a range of healthy activities characterises our approach to a well–balanced physical development programme. Students gain an understanding of the importance of fitness in their P.E. lessons, sports teams, outdoor education camps, sports tournaments, and the whole-school Fit-for-Life initiative.

The host country language and culture is studied through Chinese language classes, integrated units of work in the classroom and field trips in the region. Global citizenship is developed through: community service projects; environmental sustainability action and awareness; Model United Nations participation; and through our emphasis on multilingual communication. We are proud of Utahloy’s commitment to the development of internationally-minded students, who will benefit personally from their global connections and help create a better world.

Thirteen Factories

Thirteen Factories is an area of Guangzhou, China where the first foreign trade was allowed in the 18th century since Hai jin. It is also referred to as the ''"Thirteen Hongs"'' or the ''"Canton Factories"''.

Terminology

Factories were "foreigners quarters" outside the city walls in Guangzhou. These were business markets, not actual factories where goods were manufactured. The name came from the foreign agent term of "", who maintained offices or ''factories''. Chinese citizens often referred to the factories as "Barbarian Houses". In 1686, Westerners were allowed to also live in the area of the factories in Canton, at the head of the . In 1757, the Emperor Qianlong limited Westerners to the port of Canton, and no other area.

In 1793, attempts were made by who sent representative Lord to request that ports in northern China be opened to trade. Emperor Qianlong denied

{|class="wikitable"
! width=35% | Chinese Pinyin Names
! width=35% | English Names
! width=30% | Chinese Names
|-
| e-ho-hong || Factory of Justice and Peace ||义和行（小溪馆）
|-
| paeon-ho-hong || Factory of Tranquillity ||新英国馆（保和行）？？
|-
| || Hog lane ||猪巷
|-
| fung-tae-hong || Chow-Chow Factory || 炒炒馆（丰泰行、巴斯行）
|-
| bung-shan-hong || Old English Factory ||旧英国馆（隆顺行）
|-
| suy-hang || Swedish Factory ||瑞典行（瑞行）
|-
| ma-ying-hang || Imperial Factory ||帝国馆（孖鹰行）
|-
| paon-shun-hang || Precious and Prosperous Factory ||宝顺馆（宝顺行）
|-
| kwang-yuen-hang || American Factory ||美国行（广源行）
|-
| || Old China street ||老中国街
|-
| || French Factory ||法兰西馆（高公行）
|-
| || Spanish Factory ||西班牙馆（大吕宋行）
|-
| || Danish Factory ||丹麦行
|-
In 1835, medical missionary opened an Ophthalmic Hospital at 3 Hog Lane. Lam Qua, a Western-trained Chinese painter who also had workshops in the Thirteen Factories area, was commissioned by Parker to paint pre-operative portraits of patients who had large tumors or other major deformities.

Policies

The emperor appointed an official called the hoppo, to take charge and collect taxes from the goods traded. The position also overlook whether the trades went accordingly. The hoppo was responsible for merchant relations on behalf of the Qing court. It was an important position since merchants were not allowed to communicate with the emperor directly.

Foreigners were also not allowed to learn Chinese by rule at the time though the British did have as a translator. The four linguists representing the Chinese side included Atom, Achow, Atung and Akang.

The British School of Guangzhou

The British School of Guangzhou was established in June 2005, as a non-profit education organisation offering the English National Curriculum to expatriate families living in Guangzhou. The school has recently opened in a new campus north of the city, offering ample classroom facilities, all in a green fresh air environment. Employing only UK qualified teachers with experience, the school follows a strict admissions policy ensuring that high academic standards and levels of spoken/written English in classrooms. The British School of Guangzhou is a member of the East Asian Association of British International Schools , is registered at the UK QCA and is fully licensed by the Chinese authorities.

Shamian Island

Shamian Island, formerly known as Shameen Island, from its pronunciation is a sandbank island in Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, China. The territory was originally divided in two given to France and the United Kingdom by the Qing Dynasty government in the 19th century. The island's name literally means "sandy surface" in .





The island covers an area of 0.3 square kilometers and is a gazetted historical area that serves as a tranquil reminder of the colonial European period, with quiet pedestrian avenues flanked by trees and lined by historical buildings in various states of upkeep. The island is the location of several hotels, a youth hostel, restaurants and shops selling curios and souvenirs.

Various bronze statues are scattered around the island which depict life as it was during earlier periods on the island, as well as from more recent times. For example, one statute entitled "A gentleman, a lady and a darn woman" shows a Western couple watching a Chinese woman darning cloth. Another depicts the changing appearances and stature of Chinese women, with a woman from colonial times in traditional clothing, a slightly taller woman from the early or mid 20th century wearing a , and a relatively tall and slender young Chinese woman wearing shorts and talking on a mobile phone.

The island was the scene of fighting during the "May 30 incident" in 1925 .

Since the early 2000s, Shamian Island has become well known for the many Western couples who reside there while seeking to Chinese babies and young children, most of whom are orphaned and female. The White Swan Hotel is perhaps the best-known hotel in Guangzhou, having been in operation for many years, and is usually the hotel of choice for these couples. One reason for this popularity is that the hotel was once adjacent to the United States consulate, making it convenient to file paperwork and handle bureaucratic matters. The consulate has since moved , but the hotel is still the most popular destination for adopting couples. Beginning in 2007, the Chinese government slowed the rate of adoptions, and as a result the percentage of tourists to Shamian Island who are Westerners has decreased as well.




A is located within a short walk from the island.

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guangzhou

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guangzhou is an archdiocese located in the city of Guangzhou in China.

History

* 1848: Established as Apostolic Vicariate of Guangdong-Guangxi from the Diocese of Macau
* 1875: Renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of Guangdong
* April 6, 1914: Renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of Guangzhou
* April 11, 1946: Promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Guangzhou

Leadership

* Archbishops of Guangzhou
** Archbishop Dominic Deng Yi-ming , S.J.
** Bishop Dominic Deng Yi-ming , S.J.
** Archbishop Antoine-Pierre-Jean Fourquet, M.E.P.
* Vicars Apostolic of Guangzhou 廣州
** Bishop Antoine-Pierre-Jean Fourquet, M.E.P.
** Bishop Jean-Baptiste-Marie Budes de Guébriant, M.E.P.
** Bishop Adolphe Rayssac, M.E.P.
** Bishop Jean-Marie Mérel, M.E.P.
*Vicars Apostolic of Guangdong 廣東
** Bishop Jean-Marie Mérel, M.E.P.
** Bishop Augustin Chausse, M.E.P.
** Bishop Philippe Fran?ois Zéphirin Guillemin, M.E.P.

Suffragan Dioceses

*
*
*
*
*
*

Rafael Perestrello

Rafael Perestrello was a explorer and a cousin of Filipa Moniz Perestrello, the wife of the famed explorer Christopher Columbus. He is best known for having been the first to land on the southern shores of mainland China in 1516 and 1517 to trade in Guangzhou,

Family background

Filippo Perestrello , son of Gabriele Palastrelli and wife ''Madama'' Bertolina, was a nobleman from the Italian city of Piacenza who moved with his wife Catarina Sforza to Portugal in 1385, living in Porto and then in Lisbon to conduct trade. Filippo and Catarina had four children: Richarte , Isabel , Branca and , the latter of whom would become the father-in-law to Christopher Columbus when Christopher married his daughter Filipa. bringing back profitable trade items and glowing reports about China's commercial potential. In fact, his report on China was one of the main reasons why Fern?o Pires de Andrade decided to carry out his mission in going to China instead of Bengal in 1517.

Rafael Perestrello's mission was followed up in 1517 by the Portuguese apothecary Tomé Pires and pharmacist, merchant, and diplomat Fern?o Pires de Andrade, in a diplomatic mission to Ming China commissioned by Manuel I of Portugal . Initial trade and diplomatic missions were temporarily ruined once wild rumors of Portuguese cannibalizing Chinese children was coupled with real events of Portuguese settlers breaking Chinese laws, pillaging Chinese villages, and taking off with female captives; the Chinese responded by burning and capturing Portuguese ships, detaining Portuguese prisoners, and executing some who were captured. The ex-sultan Mahmud Shah of Malacca had also sent diplomatic envoys to Ming Dynasty China to seek aid in expelling the Portuguese from Malacca; although this was never carried out, the sultan's mission did succeed in convincing the Ming court in rejecting the Portuguese embassy of Andrade and Pires after the death of the Zhengde Emperor in 1521.

Despite these initial hostilities, a Portuguese settlement was already reestablished at Macau by 1537 and granted consent by the Chinese government in 1557,

A captain in Sumatra

Rafael served as a captain under Jorge de Albuquerque, the younger cousin of Afonso, when the former was governor of Malacca and battled against the Kingdom of Pacem in Sumatra in 1514 in order to install a ruler there that was friendly to Portuguese interests. While Rafael Perestrello's crew was aiding Jorge de Albuquerque's siege on a fort and large stockade defended by these Sumatran "Moors", a of Rafael's troops named Marquez was—according to the historian Jo?o de Barros—the first man to scale the heights of the stockade during the fight. The battle against the well-defended fort and ruler of Pacem was a success; Albuquerque saw to the installment of the next ruler and favorable trade demands of low prices for Southeast Asian sold to the Portuguese. During Jorge de Albuquerque's second tour of duty, he defeated Mahmud Shah of Malacca at Bintan in 1524, forcing the latter to flee once again, this time to the Malay Peninsula.

Neusoft Institute of Information

Neusoft Institute of Information is a university with its campuses in Dalian, Guangzhou and Chengdu, China, specializing in the education of the IT fields.

Brief history

* In 2000, Dalian Neusoft Institute of Information opened in Dalian, Liaoning Province China by a joint venture of Neusoft Group and Dalian Software Park Co., Ltd. , as a private school attached to , Shenyang, specializing in the education of the IT fields.

* In 2001, Nanhai Neusoft Institute of Information opened at Nanhai Software Park in Foshan, Guangdong Province; and Chengdu Neusoft Institute of Information in Dujiangyan, near Chengdu, Sichuan Province..

* In July-August 2008, 3000 students from the Chengdu campus came to the Dalian campus, due to the damage to the building as the results of the Sichuan Earthquake.

Educational summary

* Students can major in information science, information management, embedded software, animation, or .

* At the Dalian campus, 4000 students are admitted each year.

** Each student must buy a laptop computer to do school work. There is an electronic library where a student can get electronic information service.

** There are foreign teachers, teaching English or Japanese, and foreign students who learn the Chinese language and culture.

Refference

* Kenichi Ohmae, "China Impact", in Japanese
* Mitsuhiro Seki, “The Academic-Industrial Complex in China", in Japanese

Museum of the Tomb of the King of Southern Yue in Western Han Dynasty

The Museum of the Tomb of the King of Southern Yue in Western Han Dynasty is a museum in Guangzhou, southern China.

The tomb of King Wen was discovered in 1983, 20 meters under Elephant Hill in Guangzhou on a construction site for a hotel, and has been excavated. The tomb measures 10.85 meter in length and 12.43 meters in width. It is divided in 7 parts, with a front chamber, east and west wing rooms, the main coffin chamber, east and west side rooms, and a back storage chamber. The tomb has yielded more than 1000 burial artifacts, and a chariot, gold and silver vessels, musical instruments, and human sacrifices were found . It is also the only tomb of the early Western Han Dynasty that has murals on its walls.

The tomb also yielded the oldest imperial seal discovered in a Chinese tomb: the seal, with the name "Zhaomo", declared the royal corpse to be “Emperor Wen", indicating that he considered himself equal in rank to the Han ruler.

Alongside Chinese artifacts, pieces from the steppes, and Iranian and Hellenistic Central Asian regions have been found: a Persian silver box found in the tomb is the earliest imported product found to date in China.

The Western Han Nanyue King Tomb Museum, located in Jiefang road, stands on the site of the tomb of King Wen.

Lingnan University (Guangzhou)

Lingnan University in Guangzhou, China, was a private university established by a group of missionaries in 1888. It was originally named Canton Christian College . In 1903, the Chinese name was changed to 嶺南學堂 in Macau. In 1916, the Chinese name was changed again, to 嶺南大學, as the college expanded to become a university. In 1927, management of the university passed into Chinese hands, and the English name was changed to Lingnan University, the translation of the school's Chinese name. Dr. Chung Wing Kwong became the first Chinese of the University. In 1930s, Lingnan became a globally recognized institution. A branch in Hainan with an emphasis on studies was founded in 1933.

The university relocated several times during its existence. It moved to Macau in 1900 to escape the repressive measures implemented by the Qing Dynasty, then back to Guangzhou in 1904. During the 1930s and 40s, the university was forced to move several times as Japanese armies advanced across China. In 1937, it relocated to Hong Kong as the Japanese occupied Canton, and in 1942, to Shaoguan in northern Guangdong, as the Japanese occupied Hong Kong. After World War II, the university was finally able to return to Guangzhou.

In 1953, Lingnan University was incorporated into Sun Yat-sen University. Members of the university who fled from communist rule to Hong Kong founded Lingnan College in Hong Kong to continue the spirit of the university in 1967. The college became in 1999.

Notable alumni

* Wing-tsit Chan, eminent Chinese philosopher and academic
* Wong Shik Ling, a in Cantonese language

Guangzhou Symphony Orchestra

The Guangzhou Symphony Orchestra is a orchestra based in Guangzhou, Guangdong. It was founded in 1957.

The orchestra's current artistic director is Long Yu . It is the only Chinese symphony orchestra that has toured five continents.

, famous beatboxing flutist, was the acting principal flute of the orchestra at one time.

Guangzhou Railway Station

Guangzhou Railway Station serves the city of Guangzhou, China. It sits on the high speed Guangshen railway just west of . As one of the largest railway stations in southern China, Guangzhou station is known for its notorious safety record. trains from Guangzhou serves Shenzhen six times daily.

Services from this station include trains to Beijing and Lhasa. It is served by the Guangzhou Metro on Line 2.

History

As early as the 1950s, the provincial government saw the need for a central train station in Guangzhou but the plans were shelved until 1974 due to the Cultural Revolution.
On the 4th of April, 1979 with the normalisation of relations with Hong Kong, the service that was suspended for over twenty-five years was resumed. Through-train services were moved to in 1996 due to the increasing security problems the station was experiencing.

Guangzhou Pharmaceutical F.C.

Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Football Club is a based in Guangzhou currently playing in the Chinese Super League. The club was founded in 1954 as ''Guangzhou Football Team''. It became a professional club in 1993 after Apollo Group took over the club and played in as ''Guangzhou Apollo Football Club''. Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Company Limited took over the club before the 2006 season and renamed it to ''Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Football Club''. It commonly referred to as ''Guangzhou GPC '' and ''Guangzhou Team '' by the media and fans.

Honours

* League Level 1
:''Runners-up'' : ,

* League Level 2
:''Winners'' : 1956, 1958, 1981, 2007
:''Runners-up'' : 1983, 1990
:''Third place'' : 2003, 2006

* FA Cup
:''Runners-up'' : 1991

All-time league rankings

* no league game in 1959, 1966-1972, 1975, 1976; Guangzhou did not enter the league in 1973, 1974 and 1977
* in group stage
* no promotion
* promoted via FA Cup

Recent seasons

* 2 points for a win

Current squad and staff

First team players

Players out on loan

Technical staff

Former Famous Players

*

* Hu Zhijun

*

*

*

* Claudiu R?ducanu

* Nikolay Ryndyuk

* Corneliu Papur?

* Arnold Dwarika

Records

*Record victory — 7-0 v.

*Record defeat — 0-6 v. Changchun Yatai

*Most goals scored overall — 36,Hu Zhijun

*Most goals scored in a season —19,,2007

*Record transfer fee paid — RMB 5 million to Liaoning FC for Xu Liang,January 2007

*Record transfer fee received — RMB 2.35million from for ,January 1998

Crests

Names and crests have changed for sponsorship reasons.

Guangzhou Peasant Movement Institute

The Guangzhou Peasant Movement Institute was set up in a 14th century Confucian temple and now the site on Zhongshan Lu commemorates Guangzhou’s revolutionary past.

In 1924, the founders of the Chinese Communist Party set up the institute to train young idealists from all over China who then went out to educate the masses in rural China. Some of the famous figures in the Party lectured here, including Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai.

The institute was closed in 1926 as the relationship between the Nationalists and Communists disintegrated. Many former students were killed during the failed 1927 uprising and are remembered in the Martyrs Memorial Garden.

The Peasant Movement Training Institute was opened as a commemorative site in the 50s and the lecture rooms and dormitories of the young revolutionaries have been recreated.

Guangzhou Metro

The Guangzhou Metro is a system in the city of Guangzhou in Guangdong Province of the People's Republic of China. It is the fourth city in China to build an underground railway system after Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. Construction began in 1993 and the first line was completed and opened in 1997 and 1999. The 60 station system is operated by the Guangzhou Metro Corporation, established in 1992 as a state owned enterprise under the Guangzhou government.

Lines in operation

The metro network currently has 4 lines operational, 3 under construction and 4 planned. The total operational length is scheduled to grow to 190.8 km by 2010 and more than 600 km in the long term plan.

Line 1

Line 1 runs from Xilang to Guangzhou East Railway Station .

* June 28, 1997: Xilang - Huangsha
* June 28, 1999: Huangsha - Guangzhou East Railway Station

Line 2

Line 2 runs from Sanyuanli to Wanshengwei, interchanging with Line 1 at Gongyuanqian .

* December 29, 2002: Sanyuanli - Xiaogang
* June 28, 2003: Xiaogang - Pazhou
* December 26, 2005: Pazhou - Wanshengwei

Extensions north to Jiahe and south to the new Guangzhou Railway Station are scheduled for completion in 2008.

Line 3

Line 3 is a 36-kilometer Y-shaped line connecting Guangzhou East Railway Station and Tianhe Coach Terminal to Panyu Square. The line will in the future also be extended to Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport.

* December 26, 2005: Guangzhou East Railway Station - Kecun
* December 30, 2006: Kecun - Panyu Square
* December 30, 2006: Tianhe Coach Terminal - Tiyu Xilu

Line 4

Line 4 will eventually run from the Guangzhou Science Town to Nansha, it currently starts at Wanshengwei , where passengers could interchange with Line 2. The total length is 68.96km .

* December 26, 2005: Wanshengwei - Xinzao
* December 30, 2006: Xinzao - Huangge
* June 28, 2007: Huangge - Jinzhou

Lines under construction and Future Planning

Line 5 will start at Jiaokou and will run to Wenchong in the Huangpu District. It will be completed in 2008 with stations at Jiaokou, Datansha , Zhongshan Ba, Xichang, Xicun, Guangzhou Railway Station , Xiaobei, Taojin, Ouzhuang , Zoo, Yangji , Wuyangcun, Zhujiang New Town, Liede, Tancun, Yuancun, Keyun Road, Chebei South , Dongpu, Sanxi, Yuzhu, Dashadi, Dashadong and Wenchong.

Line 6 will start at Xunfenggang near the border of Foshan and will terminate at Gaotangshi in Luogang District. It will be completed in 2010 with stations at Xunfenggang, Hengsha, Shabei, Datansha North, Datansha , Ruyifang, Huangsha , Culture Park , Yide Road, Haizhu Square , Beijing Road, Yuexiu South, Donghu , Dongshankou , Ouzhuang , Henghuagang, Shaheding, Shahe, Tianpingjia, Yantang, Tianhe Long Distance Bus Terminal , Changban, Southern China Botanical Garden, Longdong Forestry Centre, Kemulang and Gaotangshi

Line 8 The first phase of Line 8 will run from Fenghuang Xincun to Wanshengwei using part of Line 2 . It will eventually reach Jiahe paralleling Line 2 north of the river.

Other lines such as Line 7, Line 9, Line 10 and other lines between districts have been planned but are receiving permission to construct these lines by the government. A Guangfo line linking Foshan and south Guangzhou is under construction and an intercity high speed light rail line is under construction linking Zhuhai and the New Guangzhou Railway Station.

Fares for the Guangzhou Metro

Single tickets are bought at a kiosk at every station or by the automatic ticket vending machines. Like most cities in Asia, fares are based on distance. Fares range from 2 yuan to 12 yuan . The ticket itself is a black contactless plastic token. The user has to tap it on the sensor on the ticket barrier and when he or she exits, the user has to insert it at the exit gate, the token is retained. It will not be valid if it is expired . The other preferable payment method is the Yang Cheng Tong which is similar in function to that of the Octopus Card in Hong Kong or the Oyster in London. The Yang Cheng Tong offers discounts for riding the Metro.

Rolling Stock

* 126 Adtranz-Siemens AG Type B-car - line 1
* 156 Bombardier Transportation/Changchun Car Company Type B-car - line 2
* 120 Siemens AG/Zhuzhou Electrical Locomotive Works Metro cars - line 3
* 300 Kawasaki Heavy Industries + Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock Series 05? - line 4-6

Guangzhou International Women's Open

The Guangzhou International Women's Open is a tennis tournament held in Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. Held since 2004, the inaugural tournament had as the first ever Chinese singles title winner.

Past winners

Singles

Doubles

Guangzhou East Railway Station

Guangzhou East Railway Station serves the city of Guangzhou, China.

There is a passport checking area accommodated within the station for passengers travelling between Guangzhou and Hong Kong.

Rail services serving Guangzhou East railway station include:
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Guangzhou

Guangzhou is the capital and a sub-provincial city of Guangdong in the part of the People's Republic of China. The city is also known by an alternative name, Canton. It is a port on the , to the South China Sea, and is located about 120 km northwest of Hong Kong. As of the 2000 census, the city has a population of 6 million, and a metropolitan population of roughly 8.5 million making it the most populous city in the province and the metropolitan area in mainland China. The official estimate of the metro's population at end 2006 by the Provincial Government was 9,754,600.

Geography

Guangzhou is located at 112°57'E to 114°3'E and 22°26'N to 23°56'N. The city is part of the Pearl River Delta.

Guangzhou has a humid subtropical climate influenced by the Asian monsoon. Summers are wet with high temperatures and a high humidity index. Winters are mild, dry and sunny.

Population

Population ：
Metro - 9,754,600, Urban - 6,253,300, and City - 7,607,200

Administrative divisions

Guangzhou is a sub-provincial city. It has direct jurisdiction over ten and two .



















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As of April 28, 2005, the districts of Dongshan and Fangcun have been abolished and merged into Yuexiu and Liwan respectively; at the same time the district of Nansha is established out of parts of Panyu, and the district of Luogang is established out of parts of Baiyun, Tianhe, and Zengcheng also a part of Huangpu making an exclave next to Huangpu.

Road names

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History

The first known city built at the site of Guangzhou was Panyu founded in 214 BC. The city has been continuously occupied since that time. Panyu was expanded when it became the capital of the Nanyue Kingdom in 206 BC.

Recent archaeological founding of her palace suggests that the city might have traded frequently with foreigners by the sea routes. The foreign trade continued through every following dynasty and the city remains a major international trading port to this day.

The Han Dynasty annexed Nanyue in 111 BC, and Panyu became a provincial capital and remains so until this day. In 226 AD, the city however became the seat of the Guang Prefecture . Therefore, "Guangzhou" was the name of the prefecture, not of the city. However, people grew accustomed to calling the city Guangzhou, instead of Panyu.

Although the Chinese name of Guangzhou replaced Panyu as the name of the walled city, Panyu was still the name of the area surrounding the walled city until the end of Qing era.

Arab and pirates sacked Guangzhou in AD 758, ? according to a local Guangzhou government report on October 30 758, which corresponded to the day of ''Guisi'' of the ninth month in the first year of the of of the Tang Dynasty.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, a celebrated poet called Su Shi visited Guangzhou's and wrote the inscription "Liu Rong" because of the six banyan trees he saw there. It has since been called the Temple of the 6 Banyan Trees.

The were the first Europeans to arrive to the city by sea, establishing a monopoly on the external trade out of its harbor by 1511. They were later expelled from their settlements in Guangzhou , but instead granted use of Macau as a trade base with the city in 1557. They would keep a near monopoly of foreign trade in the region until the arrival of the Dutch in the early .


After China claimed control of Taiwan in 1683, the Qing government became open to encouraging foreign trade. Guangzhou quickly emerged as one of the most adaptable ports for negotiating commerce and before long, many foreign ships were going there to procure cargos.

Portuguese in Macau, Spanish in Manila, and Armenians and Muslims from India were already actively trading in the port by the 1690s, when the French and English British East India Company's ships began frequenting the port through the Canton System.

Other companies were soon to follow: the in 1717; Dutch East India Company in 1729; the first Danish ship in 1731, which was followed by a Danish Asiatic Company ship in 1734; the Swedish East India Company in 1732; followed by an occasional Prussian and Trieste Company ship; the Americans in 1784; and the first ships from Australia in 1788.

By the middle of the 18th century, Guangzhou had emerged as one of the world's great trading ports under the Thirteen Factories, which was a distinction it maintained until the outbreak of the Opium Wars in 1839 and the opening of other ports in China in 1842. The privilege during this period made Guangzhou one of the top 3 cities in the world.


Guangzhou's monopoly on English trade ended with the Treaty of Nanking, signed in 1842 to end the First Opium War between and China. The treaty opened four new treaty ports, allowing British merchants to trade in Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, and Shanghai in addition to Guangzhou.



In 1918, the city's urban council was established and "Guangzhou" became the official name of the city. Panyu became a county's name to the southern side of Guangzhou.

In both 1930 and 1953, Guangzhou was promoted to the status of a Municipality, but each time promotion was canceled within the year.

Japanese troops occupied Guangzhou from October 12, 1938 to September 16, 1945, after . In the city, the Imperial Japanese Army conducted bacteriological research unit 8604, a section of unit 731, where Japanese doctors experimented on human prisoners.

Communist forces entered the city on October 14, 1949. Their urban renewal projects improved the lives of some residents. New housing on the shores of the Pearl River provided homes for the poor boat people. Reforms by Deng Xiaoping, who came to power in the late 1970s, led to rapid economic growth due to the city's close proximity to Hong Kong and access to the Pearl River.

As labor costs increased in Hong Kong, manufacturers opened new plants in the cities of Guangdong including Guangzhou. As the largest city in one of China's wealthiest provinces, Guangzhou attracts farmers from the countryside looking for factory work. Cantonese links to overseas Chinese and beneficial tax reforms of the 1990s have aided the city's rapid growth.

In 2000, Huadu and Panyu were merged into Guangzhou as districts, and Conghua and Zengcheng became county-level cities of Guangzhou.

Economy

Guangzhou is the economic centre of the Pearl River Delta, one of mainland China's leading commercial and manufacturing regions. In 2007, the GDP reached ?705 billion , per capita was ?71,219 , among the other 659 Chinese cities.

The , also called "Canton Fair", is held every year in April and October by Ministry of Trading. Inaugurated in the spring of 1957, the Fair is a major event for the city.

Industrial zones

*Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone
*Guangzhou Nansha Development Zone
*Shantou Free Trade Zone

Transportation

With the the first line of Guangzhou Metro opened in 1997, Guangzhou is the fourth city in Mainland China to have an underground railway system, behind Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. Currently the underground network is made up of four lines, covering a total length of 116km, while another four lines are under construction and due to be completed in 2010 before the Asian Games. A long term plan is to make the city's underground system expand over 500km by 2020 with 15 lines in operation.

The existing four lines of Guangzhou Metro network:
*Line 1: From Guangzhou East Railway Station to Xilang Station
*Line 2: From Sanyuanli Station to Wanshengwei Station
*Line 3: From Guangzhou East Railway Station and Tianhe Coach Terminal Station to Panyu Square Station
*Line 4: From Wanshengwei Station to Jinzhou Station

Guangzhou's main airport is the in Huadu District open on August 5, 2004, replacing the old Baiyun International Airport which was very close to the city centre and failed to meet the fast-growing air traffic demand.

Guangzhou is well connected to Hong Kong by train, coach and ferry. Express trains depart from the Guangzhou East railway station and arrive at the in Hong Kong. The route is approximately 182km in length and the ride takes less than two hours. Frequent coach services are also provided, with coaches depart every day from different locations around the city.

There are daily ferry services including an overnight steamer service, which takes eight hours, as well as high-speed catamaran service which takes three hours, to the China Ferry Terminal or in Hong Kong. The Nansha Pier , located in the distant Nansha District outside the city centre, is also operating six daily 75-minute catamaran services to Hong Kong.

From January 1, 2007, the municipal government has banned motorcycles in the urban areas. Motorcycles found violating the ban will be confiscated. The Guangzhou traffic bureau claimed to have reported reduced traffic problems and accidents in the downtown area since the ban.

According to the official China Daily of July 6, 2007, all buses and taxis in Guangzhou will be -fueled by 2010 to promote clean energy for transportation and improve the environment . At present, Guangzhou is the city that uses the most LPG-fueled vehicles in the world. Till the end of 2006, 6,500 buses and 16,000 taxis were using LPG, taking up 85% of all buses and taxis .

Tourist attractions

Guangzhou has a lovely climate year-round with almost no winter. Annual average temperature is 21.8 degrees. Autumn, from October to December, is very moderate, cool and windy, and is the best travel time. There are many tourist attractions around the city which include:

* Chen Clan Academy
* Guangdong Museum of Folk Handcraft
* Shamian Island /
* Guangdong Provincial Museum
* Museum of the Tomb of the King of Southern Yue in Western Han Dynasty

* Temple of the Six Banyan Trees
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* Huaisheng Mosque
* Temple of Bright Filial Piety
* Chime-Long Paradise
* Chime-Long WaterPark
* Museum of the Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum of the Nanyue King南越王墓
* Guangzhou Peasant Movement Institute

Local products

* Canton Sculpture includes Canton Ivory Carvings, Jade Sculpture, Wood Sculpture and Olive Sculpture.
* Canton Enamel is short for Guangzhou Colorful Pottery. It has a history of over 300 years.
* Canton Embroidery, namely Yue Embroidery, is one of the Four Famous Chinese Embroideries together with Su Embroidery, Xiang Embroidery and Shu Embroidery.
* Canton Bacon is the general designation of cured meat in the Guangzhou Area.
* Zhujiang Beer

Parks and gardens

* Baiyun Mountain
* Yuexiu Park (）
* Luhu Park
* Dongshanhu Park
* Liuhuahu Park
* Liwanhu Park
* Yuntai Garden
* Martyrs' Park (）
* Zhujiang Park
* South China Botanical Garden

Significant buildings

* Guangdong Olympic Stadium (）
* CITIC Plaza (）
* Guangzhou TV & Sightseeing Tower (）
* Guangzhou TV Tower (）
* Pearl River Tower (）

Major hotels

* The Garden Hotel
* China Hotel, A Marriott Hotel
* White Swan Hotel
* DongFang Hotel
* Guangdong International Hotel
* The Westin Guangzhou
* Shangri-La Hotel, Guangzhou
* The Ritz-Carlton, Guangzhou
* Grand Hyatt Guangzhou
* Asia International Hotel
* Grand International Hotel
* Chime Long Hotel
* Holiday Inn City Centre Guangzhou
* Holiday Inn Shifu Guangzhou
* Baiyun Hotel
* Ramada Pearl Hotel Guangzhou

Media

Guangzhou's two local radio stations, the provincial Radio Guangdong and the municipal Radio Guangzhou, broadcast and programmes in more than ten channels. The Bejing-based China National Radio broadcast in Putonghua, while other radio stations from cities around Guangzhou broadcast mostly in Cantonese, whose channels can be received in part of the city. Radio Guangdong produces a 15-minute weekly English program, "Guangdong Today", which is broadcast globally through the World Radio Network. English news and several short English programmes can be heard in some of the channels.

Both TVB Pearl and ATV World, two English channels in Hong Kong, can be received throught cable TV in Guangzhou. Guangzhou Television, the local TV station, also has its own English channel. Though some of its daytime programmes are not in English, it runs all-English programmes from evening to midnight.

Guangzhou has three major newspaper groups, which publish some of the best Chinese-language newspapers in Mainland China. The leading newspaper of the city is the Guangzhou Daily. With a circulation of 1.8 million, it has been China's most successful newspaper for 14 years in terms of advertising revenue.

Culture

* Cantonese
* Cantonese cuisine
* Cantonese opera
* Guangdong music

Education

Higher education institutes

National universities
*Sun Yat-sen University
*South China University of Technology
*South China Normal University
*Jinan University

Public universities and colleges
*Guangdong University of Finance
*Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
*South China Agricultural University
*Zhongkai Agrotechnical College
*Guangzhou Medical College
*Guangzhou University of TCM
*Guangdong College of Pharmacy
*Guangdong University of Technology
*Guangzhou University
*Guangdong Institute of Science and Technology
*Guangdong Business College
*Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts
*Xinghai Conservatory of Music
*GuangDong Polytechnic Normal University
*Guangzhou Physical Education Institute
Note: Institutes without full-time bachelor programs are not listed.

Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre

Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre also known as Guangzhou University Town, located on an island called Xiaoguwei in Panyu District, is home to campuses of ten universities, part of which also have other campuses elsewhere.

Universities which have campuses in the Mega Centre:
*Sun Yat-sen University
*South China University of Technology
*South China Normal University
*Guangdong University of Technology
*Guangdong University of Forign Studies
*Guangzhou University of TCM
*Guangdong College of Pharmacy
*Guangzhou University
*Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts
*Xinghai Conservatory of Music
Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre can accommodate up to 200,000 students, 20,000 teachers and 50,000 staffs.

High schools

* Guangdong Experimental High School
* The Affiliated High School of South China Normal University
* Guangzhou No.47 High School
* Guangzhou No.6 High School
* Guangdong Guangya Middle School
* Guangzhou Zhi Xin Middle School
* Guangzhou No.8 High School
* Guangzhou 109 Secondary School

International schools

* American International School of Guangzhou
* British School of Guangzhou
*

Sister cities

Guangzhou is with the following cities:

* , Japan
* Los Angeles, United States
* Manila, Philippines
* Vancouver, Canada
* Sydney, Australia
* Vi?a Del Mar, Chile
* Frankfurt am Main, Germany
* Lyon, France
* Auckland, New Zealand,
* Gwangju, South Korea
* , Japan
* Link?ping, Sweden
* Durban, South Africa
* Bristol, England
* Yekaterinburg, Russia
* Arequipa, Peru
* Birmingham, England
* Dubai, United Arab Emirates
* Recife, Brazil
* Surabaya, Indonesia

Ferno Pires de Andrade

Captain Fern?o Pires de Andrade was a merchant, pharmacist, and official diplomat under the explorer and Malacca governor Afonso de Albuquerque. His encounter with the Ming Dynasty in 1517—after initial contacts by Jorge ?lvares and Rafael Perestrello in 1513 and 1516, respectively—marked the beginning of direct European commercial and diplomatic contact with China. Although the mission was initially a success that led the embassy all the way to Beijing, relations were soon soiled by culminating events that led to an extremely negative impression of the Portuguese in China. This included acts of his brother Sim?o that enraged the Chinese, false reports of the Portuguese being cannibals of kidnapped Chinese children and true reports of their conquest of Malacca, a . Normalized trade and relations between Portugal and the Ming Dynasty would not resume until the late 1540s and the 1557 establishment of Portuguese rule over Macau.

Andrade was referred to as a "Folangji" in Ming dynastic archives. ''Folangji'' comes from ''Franques'' or Franks, which was a generic name the Muslims called Europeans since the Crusades, and which spawned the Indian-Southeast Asian term ''ferengi''. The Portuguese historian Jo?o de Barros wrote that when a violent storm arose as Albuquerque's fleet entered the vast waters between Sri Lanka and Aceh, a ship commanded by Sim?o Martinho was sunk, but his entire crew was rescued by Fern?o and taken aboard his ship. according to Barros, they fought against this ship for two days, while the enemy crew employed tactics of lighting fire to its own ship as a means to burn Albuquerque's ships as they employed ramming techniques and close-range volleys of artillery. After two days, the ship surrendered; yet the Portuguese apparently had gained an admiration for the junk and its crew when they nicknamed the ship ''O Bravo'' . The Portuguese crew pleaded with Fern?o Pires to convince Albuquerque that the crew should be spared, freed to go, and viewed as simple vassals of Portugal who were unaware of who they were actually fighting; Albuquerque agreed with this. Barros also noted that while Fern?o Pires was loading Southeast Asian spices onto his ship in Pacem in order to sell or present them as gifts in China, two different kings were killed and their position usurped. Apparently the usurpation of kings caused little tumult or crisis in this state, as Barros noted any leader there was believed by the locals not to have divine right to rule if he was able to be killed by a royal kinsman. D'Albuquerque sent Jorge ?lvares to explore northward; his expedition sailed along the coast of Guangdong in 1513 and hoisted a flag on "Tuen Mun island". This mission was followed up later that year by Rafael Perestrello, who later traded with Chinese merchants of in 1516, giving an enticing report to other Portuguese on the lucrative trade there, which prompted Andrade to speed up the course of his mission while stalled in Malacca and debating on whether to go to China or Bengal.

Mission of Manuel I to China

Choosing the ambassadors

King authorized a trade mission in 1517 when Andrade set sail with 7 cannon-armed merchant vessels with a Muslim interpreter on June 17, 1517. Andrade had been chosen for this mission in Lisbon back in 1515, so that—as a pharmacist—he could investigate the types of for the benefit of the Portuguese and Europe. Tomé Pires, a royal apothecary who had also traveled to India and written a landmark work in 1515 on Asian trade, was chosen as the chief ambassador for the mission. After Andrade threatened to sail upriver without permission, the naval commander finally decided to let him pass, granting him pilots to assist his travel.

Andrade's brother and soiled relations

Sim?o de Andrade, brother to Fern?o Pires, sailed from Malacca to China with a small crew on three in August of 1519. Simào immediately made a bad impression upon the Chinese when he built a fort at the center of Tuen Mun, an island designated for all foreigners to trade.

The greatest offense to the Chinese was the supposed kidnapping of children by the Portuguese so they could eat them. Simào continued to defy local Chinese laws at Ningbo, and when his men were cheated on a trade deal with a Chinaman in 1545, Sim?o sent a band of armed men into the town, pillaged it, and took local women and young girls as their captives. The outraged locals banded together and slaughtered the Portuguese under Sim?o. There were also reports sent to Beijing by Canton officials stating that the Portuguese were bothersome foreigners who sought to build their own trading post. The newly appointed , Yang Tinghe, soon turned against the powerful eunuch influence at court, which had grown even more powerful under the Zhengde Emperor. Two of his ships were captured in a surprise Chinese attack, while the survivors escaped back to Portugal on the third ship. These encounters and others with the Portuguese brought the first culverins into China, mentioned even by the philosopher and scholar-official Wang Yangming in 1519 when he suppressed Zhu Chenhao's rebellion in Jiangxi.

The prisoners of these sea battles were eventually executed in 1523 for crimes of "robbery in the high seas" and cannibalism, Tomé Pires died while living as a prisoner in China; Two survivors of this embassy were still alive around 1536, when they sent letters to Malacca and Goa detailing plans for how the Portuguese could capture Canton by force. In the early 1550s, Leonel de Sousa—a later Governor of Macau—established positive relations with Ming merchants and officials and, in 1557, the Ming court gave their consent for a permanent establishment of a Portuguese trade base at Macau. Although Fern?o Pires de Andrade and his Portuguese comrades were the first to open up China to the West, another significant diplomatic mission reaching all the way to Beijing would not be carried out until an Italian, the Jesuit Matteo Ricci ventured there in 1598.

Er Sha Island

Er Sha Island , is an island located in Guangzhou, China. It houses the American International School of Guangzhou, several apartment complexes, a badminton stadium, and a government sports training facility. Er Sha Island is also home to the Guangdong Museum of Art and the Xinghai Concert Hall.

China National Highway 106

China National Highway 106 is a road from Beijing to Guangzhou.

It leaves Beijing at Yuquanying and heads to Gu'an, Bazhou, Kaifeng , Ezhou , and eventually Guangzhou on the south China coast.

Canton Fair

The Canton Fair is a trade fair held in the spring and autumn seasons each year since the spring of 1957 in Guangzhou, China. The Fair is co-hosted by the Ministry of Commerce of China and People's Government of Guangdong Province, and organized by China Foreign Trade Centre. Its full name since 2007 is the China Import and Export Fair renamed from Chinese Export Commodities Fair . It is the largest trade fair in China . Among China's largest trade fairs, it has the largest assortment of products, the highest attendance, and the largest number of business deals made at the fair. Like many trade fairs it has several traditions and functions as a comprehensive event of international importance.

104th Canton Fair Schedule

Contents

Fifty trading delegations, being composed of thousands of China's best foreign trade corporations , take part in the Fair. These include private enterprises, factories, scientific research institutions, wholly foreign-owned enterprises, and foreign trade companies. The 101st fair saw 314 different companies from 36 countries.

Functions

The fair leans to export trade, though import business is also done here. Apart from the above-mentioned, various types of business activities such as economic and technical cooperations and exchanges, commodity inspection, insurance, transportation, advertising, consultation, etc. are also carried out in flexible ways.

Basic facts

: First held: April 1957.
: Interval: Two phases per session; two sessions per year.
: Spring session: April 15-20 ; April 25-30 .
: Autumn session: October 15-19 ; October 24-28 ; November 2-6.
: Venue: China Import and Export Fair Complex (380 Yuejiangzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510335
: Gross exhibition space: 630,000 m?.
: Number of booths: Over 41,000 standard stands .
: Varieties: Over 150,000.
: Business turnover: 382.3 Million USD .
: '''Number of trading countries and regions:'' 203 .
: Number of visitors: 206,749 .
: Exhibitors: Over 15,000 .